Next-Gen Solar Desalination: AI-Driven PV-T-PCM System with Blockchain Monitoring for Sustainable Water Production

Abstract

This study introduces an advanced solar desalination system integrating forced circulation, hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) technology, phase change materials (PCMs), and AI-driven optimization to maximize freshwater production. A multi-objective optimization framework combining CFD simulations, deep reinforcement learning (DRL), and swarm intelligence algorithms enhances system efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate a 60–90% increase in freshwater yield compared to conventional solar stills. The system employs adaptive graphene-enhanced nanofluids, predictive digital twin modeling, and blockchain-enabled IoT monitoring for real-time control. A techno-economic analysis confirms viability for off-grid deployment, aligning with SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).