Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Capparis Grandis L.F. Leaf Extracts

Resumen

The leaves of Capparis grandis L.f are an essential, wild, and traditionally edible plant ingested by the tribal populations of the Western Ghats. Despite their use, its curative properties remain underexplored. This study aimed to assess its secondary metabolites, including phenols, tannins, and flavonoids, and to evaluate its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through biochemical assays. The ethanolic extract in leaves were found to be affluent in bioactive compounds, having 119.88 mg GAE/100 g of total phenols, 106.69 mg GAE/100 g of tannins, and 331.41 mg RE/100 g of flavonoids in ethyl acetate fraction. Among these extracts analyzed, the ethanolic leaf extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity across multiple assays, including DPPH (IC50: 21.12 μg/mL), ABTS (64027.78 μM TE/g extract), FRAP (382.46 mM Fe(II)/mg extract), superoxide radical scavenging (45.32%), nitric oxide radical scavenging (83.19%), and phosphor molybdenum assay (89.36 mg AAE/g).Moreover, the ethanol extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects, with 66.68% inhibition in hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis check & an IC50 value of 39.3 μg/mL in the heat-induced hemolysis assay. These results suggest that C. grandis L.f leaf extracts possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potential native supplement to lessen oxidative stress-related disorders, as well as inflammation.