A Distributed Bit-Mapping Based MAC Strategy for Energy-Efficient and Reliable Sensor Networks

Resumen

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely used in Internet of Things (IoT) applications where energy efficiency and low latency, as well as reliable data delivery, are essential, particularly in situations with dense and changing network requirements. Nevertheless, the current Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols have the disadvantage of being characterized by fixed slot assignment, high contention, and high power consumption, resulting in shorter network lifetime and worse Quality of Service. The main goal of the work is to develop a scalable, low-overhead, and priority-conscious MAC scheduling algorithm which is able to utilize channel resources efficiently and reduce collisions. To do this, Adaptive Bit-Mapping Reservation Scheme (ABMRS) is proposed which combines a Slot Optimization Matrix (SOM) with a lightweight Conflict Avoidance Module (CAM) to allow distributed, collision-free, and priority-driven allocation of slots without centralized coordination or learning overhead. Then, wide-scale Python simulations have shown that ABMRS is much superior to current machine-learning-based and clustering-based MAC protocols. The scheme has been proposed which can reduce up to 25 percent of the energy usage (9.0 units at 50 nodes), increase the throughput by 20 percent (550 packets), improve the ratio of packet delivery of 98%, shorten the end-to-end delay to 65 ms and has a network life of up to 2250 rounds in dense deployments. These findings affirm the fact that ABMRS offers an efficient trade-off between energy efficiency, scalability and reliability, and can be utilized in next generation, energy-constrained WSN applications.