Study of Cephalic Index in Newborns at Tertiary Health Center, Chengalpattu

Resumen

Background: Cephalic index (CI) is a fundamental anthropometric parameter that quantifies the relationship between head breadth and head length. Its measurement in newborns provides critical insights into skull morphology, developmental patterns, and potential clinical anomalies. Establishing normative cephalic index data for newborns at tertiary health centers is important for pediatric and obstetric clinical practice, especially in the context of Indian populations where such regional data remain sparse.

Objective: To determine the cephalic index of newborns delivered at a tertiary health center in Chengalpattu by measuring head length and breadth using a Vernier calliper, to classify skull type, and to evaluate sexual dimorphism in cephalometric parameters.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Ammapettai, Chengalpattu over a period of 6 months. A total of 152 newborns meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled. Head length (glabella to inion) and head breadth (biparietal diameter) were measured using a Galaxy Vernier calliper (G108). Cephalic index was calculated as (head breadth/head length) × 100. Skull types were classified according to the Martin and Saller classification. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.

Results: The study evaluated 152 neonates. The mean cephalic index was calculated and skull types were categorized. Mesocephalic skull type was predominant, consistent with findings in Indian populations. Mild sexual dimorphism was noted in cephalometric parameters. The cephalic indices recorded were within the ranges described in comparable South Indian and national population studies.

Conclusion: This study provides baseline cephalometric data for newborns in the Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu. Mesocephalic skull type predominates in this population. These findings contribute to regional normative data and support the clinical utility of cephalic index measurements in neonatal assessment and obstetric planning.